Table 2: Sample histological indices. OHI = Oxford histological index; GHI = General histological index
(Bioerosion: Overall pattern/location of bioerosion/attack described. Pathology: Pathologies observed in histological thin-section. Note: This was not determined by expert pathologist and not on the complete tooth. Staining, etching and cracking: Description of cementum and dentine mainly.)

Sample no.	OHI	GHI	Bioerosion	Staining, etching and cracking	Inclusions	Pathology
EIN-01	5	5	Enlarged canaliculi and 'bloated' cementocytes?	Orange staining of cementum surface with some generalised destruction.	Fungal fruiting body.	Calculus. Attrition, developmental defect cementum?
EIN-02	5	5	Enlarged tubuli, possibly due to etching. A few scattered MFD.	Superficial orange staining of cementum and dentine and where enamel is worn down due to attritition. Brown staining of dentine in the middle of the tooth (pathology?).		Attrition. Developmental defect cementum?
EIN-03	5	3		Large area affected by brown and orange staining, cracking and generalised destruction, including some loss of cementum.		Attrition.
EIN-04	5	3		Light orange staining across the whole tooth. Large area affected by dark orange and brown staining, large cracks, generalised destruction and loss of material.		Enamel caries lesion. Attrition. Cemental dysplasia/developmental defect?
EIN-05	2	2	Dense MFD attack, especially of roots.	Orange staining of cementum surface.
EIN-06	3	3	Pockets of MFD attack of cementum and parts of the root dentine.		Possible fungal hyphae.	Enamel caries lesion.
EIN-07	5	5	Enlarged canaliculi and 'bloated' cementocytes?	Superficial orange staining.	Manganese.	Attrition.
EIN-08	5	3		Yellow/orange staining across large parts of the tooth, red-brown spots/patches, large cracks, loss of material and generalised destruction in areas of cementum and dentine.	Fungal fruiting bodies.
EIN-09	5	5	Enlarged canaliculi and 'bloated' cementocytes?	Dentine well preserved. Cementum stained orange with some generalised destruction.		Calculus. Attrition.
EIN-10	3	3	Attack mainly in cementum, root tip, along root canal and pulp cavity surface.	Orange staining of cementum surface.		Enamel caries lesion. Globular dentine. Calculus.
EIN-11	5	2		Orange and brown staining, large cracks and generalised destruction across the whole tooth. Loss of material. Enlarged tubuli, due to etching(?).		Attrition.
EIN-12	3	3	Dense attack along root tip, root canal and pulp cavity surface.	Some orange staining and generalised destruction, cementum.		Calculus.
EIN-13	3	2	Dense attack of cementum and in pockets within dentine.	Generalised destruction, orange staining, red-brown spots/patches, loss of surface and cracking.	Nodules of manganese/iron/calcite.
EIN-14	3	3	Dense attack in cementum and along root canal.	Enamel stained orange.		Enamel development defect? Only a thin layer.
EIN-15	3	3	Dense attack along root canals, otherwise scattered groups of MFD, dentine and cementum.			Attrition. Enamel caries lesion.
EIN-16	3	3	Pockets of MFD in cemenetum, along root canal and pulp cavity surface.		Possible fungal remains.	Calculus.
EIN-17B	5	3		Generalised destruction, cracks, orange, brown and yellow staining with darker orange spots, break up and loss of large areas along the surface. Enlarged tubules and canaliculi.	Mineral nodules similar to EIN-13.
EIN-17C	4	3		Generalised destruction, cracks, yellow, brown and orange staining, large parts of the roots is missing. Enlarged tubules and canaliculi.
EIN-18	3	3	Areas of scattered MFD attack mainly within cementum and root dentine. Somewhat unclear as bioeroded area is also affected by generalised destruction.	Brown and orange staining, generalised destruction, large cracks and material loss in the roots. Crown dentine is well preserved except staining/etching where enamel is worn down.		Caries lesion and/or diagenetic etching? Attrition and/or diagenetic etching?
EIN-19	3	3	Dense attack in cementum and root tip.			Attrition.
EIN-20	3	3	Dense attack in cementum, root tip and along root canal. Scattered attack in crown dentine.		Possible fungal remains. Orange/red/dark mineral nodules.	Enamel caries lesion. Calculus. Pulp stone.
EIN-21	5	2		Child's tooth, only small bits of crown dentine and enamel preserved. Whole section affected by orange staining, red-brown and orange spots and generalised destruction, large cracks. Many enlarged canaliculi/tubules.		Calculus.
EIN-22	2	2	Dense attack, cementum along root canal and pulp calvity surface.
EIN-23	3	3	Scattered attack in the cementum, dense attack along root canal and pulp cavity surface.		Fungal remains; spores, fruiting bodies.	Enamel caries lesion.
EIN-24	2	2	Dense attack, cementum, along root canal and pulp cavity surface.		Fungal remains; spores, fruiting bodies.	Enamel and cementum caries lesion. Calculus. Attrition. Cemental dysplasia/developmental defect?
EIN-49	5	2		Child's tooth, no root or cementum. Brown and orange staining and generalised destruction of both enamel and dentine surface. Large cracks and spots of dark red staining in dentine. Large parts of crown dentine well preserved.
CAS-01	5	3		Dark/red-orange staining and generalised destruction of cementum and dentine along root tip.	Layer of dark/red mineral nodules on root surface.
CAS-11	5	4		Reddish-brown and orange staining, root tip, cementum and along root canal.
CAS-07	5	3		Root is missing, only crown dentine and enamel. Some brown staining and area with dark globular stains. Otherwise dentine well preserved.
CAS-08	5	4		Red-orange staining along surfaces of cementum. Patches with dark red-orange globular stains in root tip and in the middle of the tooth.	Insect remains.	Pulp stone and/or developmental defect in dentine?
CDU-15	2	2	Evenly distributed attack apart from two unaffected areas within the upper part of the tooth (crown dentine).		Fungal fruiting bodies and hyphae.
SAI-04	5	4		Light brown staining across the whole tooth. Large cracks - preparation artefact?	Fungal fruiting body.	Pulp stones.
ZWO-01	5	3		Orange staining across the whole tooth, darker along surfaces. Generalised destruction along root surface.	Framboidal pyrite filling root canals.	Attrition.