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Table 4: Food plants recorded in the ABCD for which the earliest record is from a post-Roman context. The numbers of reports form which a record for each taxon has been extracted are shown, with numbers of uncertain records in bracket. + indicates additional, poorly dated material.

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PH RO SE MD PM
Dark Age
(none)
Early-Saxon
(none)
Mid-Saxon
Triticum turgidum (rivet wheat) 0 0 1 (1) (1)
Anglo-Saxon
Allium porrum (leek) 0 (1) 1+ 2 1+
Brassica oleracea (cabbage) cf. only 0 (1) (2) (1) 0
Brassica napus (rape) 0 (1) 1(2) (1) 0
Euphorbia lathyris (caper spurge) 0 0 1 0 0
Humulus lupulus (hop) 0 0 7 7 2
Saxon/Medieval
Ribes uva-crispa (gooseberry) 0 0 0 4+ 0
Allium sativum (garlic) 0 0 0 1 0
Early Medieval
Prunus dulcis (almond) 0 0 0 3 0
Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal) cf. only 0 0 0 (1) (1)
High Medieval
Cydonia/Pyrus (quince/pear) 0 0 0 2 0
Late Medieval
Lepidium sativum (garden cress) 0 0 (1) 1 1
Medieval (broad)
Prunus persica (peach) 0 0 + 1 1
Prunus cerasifera (cherry plum) 0 0 0 1 0
Post-Medieval
Hyssopus officinalis (hyssop) 0 0 0 0 0
Cucurbita pepo (marrow squash pumpkin) 0 0 0 0 1
Borago officinalis (borage) 0 0 0 0 1
Piper nigrum (pepper) 0 0 0 0 2
Satureja montana (winter savory) 0 0 0 0 (1)
Triticum cf. durum (durum wheat) 0 0 0 0 (1)
Aframomum sp.melugeta (pepper) 0 0 0 0 1
Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat) 0 (1) 0 0 1
Theobroma cacao (cocoa bean) 0 0 0 0 1

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