Internet Archaeol 1 Peacey List of Figures

List of figures.

Please note that where there is a black and white photographic scale it is 10cms long and will be divided into either: i) 10 sections of 1cm length each or ii) 2 sections of 5cms each.

Figure 1 Example of a summary sheet from the pipe kiln recording system.

Figure 2 Example of a record sheet from the pipe kiln recording system.

Figure 3 Example of a fabric record sheet from the pipe kiln recording system.

Figure 4 a-r Types of muffle feature.

Figure 5 Sketch reconstruction of a Rainford muffle.

Figure 6 Muffle reconstruction, 11 Benthall Lane.

Figure 7 Sketch reconstruction of the Benthall muffle.

Figure 8 Plan and section of muffle from Quay Street, Gloucester.

Figure 9 Sketch reconstruction based on the Gloucester evidence.

Figure 10 Plan and section of muffle from Arcadia Buildings, Southwark.

Figure 11 Details of muffle from Arcadia Buildings, Southwark: a - base edge with prop buttress, rim and wall fragment. b - base detail. c base with prop buttresses and ridge deflectors.

Figure 12 Sketch based on the Southwark evidence (Detail Portsmouth).

Figure 13 Pipe bowls in muffle bases: a - Southwark, b - Guildford and c - Chelmsford.

Figure 14 Pipe bowls in muffle bases from Longwell Green, near Bristol.

Figure 15 Pipe bowls in muffle base from Waterford.

Figure 16 Pipe bowls in muffle base from Bristol, Temple Backs.

Figure 17 Sketch based on the Bristol, Waverly Street, evidence.

Figure 18 Props: a-f Type 1; g-p Type 2; q-t Type 2a; u-y Type 3.

Figure 19 Props: a-b Type 3a; c-e Type 3b; f-h Type 4; i-m Type 4a; n Type 4c.

Figure 20 Props: q Type 5; o-p Type 5a; r-y type uncertain.

Figure 21 Buns: a-f Type 1; g-y Type 2.

Figure 22 Buns: a-j Type 3; k-m Type 4; n Type 5.

Figure 23 Dishes: a & c Type 2; b, d & e type uncertain.

Figure 24 Dishes: f-h Type 2; i Type 1.

Figure 25 Dishes: j-l Type 2.

Figure 26 Montage of props, buns and dishes: a P4; b D2; c P3 & P3b; d P4 & D1; e P2; f P4a; g P2, P4 and B2.

Figure 27 Top, saggar fragment from Barnstaple with pipes trapped in glaze. Bottom, reconstructed section and elevation of the Barnstaple saggar filled with pipes; height and rim form postulated.

Figure 28 Type 2 saggar from Southorn's King Street Works, Broseley.

Figure 29 a-k saggar profiles, l-r bats.

Figure 30 Montage of saggars, saggar rings and circular bats. a & b saggar rings; c & d circular bats; e & f cylindrical saggars; g & h rectangular saggars in pictures; l-r bat fragments.

Figure 31 Furniture supplements: Rolls; a, d, f & g RL2; b, c, h & i RL1; j RL3; e RL4.

Figure 32 Furniture supplements: Rolls; a-f RL5; straps; g, h & j SP1; i SP2.

Figure 33 Furniture supplements: Wads; k & l WA3; m & n WA1; o & p WA5.

Figure 34 Furniture supplements: Applied strips; q-w AS1.

Figure 35 Furniture supplements: Applied strips; a-d AS1; e-g AS2; h-j AS1.

Figure 36 Furniture supplements: Thin sheets; k-n TS1; o-p TS2.

Figure 37 Furniture supplements: Thin sheets; q-r TS3; s-t TS4; u-v TS4a.

Figure 38 Furniture supplements: Thin sheets; a & b TS4a; racks; c-g RK1; h & i RK2.

Figure 39 Furniture supplements: Racks; j-o RK3 terminals; p RK3 intermediate bridge.

Figure 40 Furniture supplements: Racks; q & r RK4; s RK3; t RK2.

Figure 41 Montage of furniture supplements: a & b rolls; c straps; d & e wads; f & g applied strips; h thin sheets in pictures.

Figure 42 Miscellany: a-f socket stands; g-o trimming rings.

Figure 43 Miscellany: Trimming rings.

Figure 44 Montage of miscellany and waste: a & b stamps; c & d fragments of objects of uncertain form; e pipe heel trimmings; f stem seam trimming; g & h bowl mouth trimming rings in pictures.

Figure 45 Montage of miscellany and waste: a & b pipe wasters; c thick sheet dimpled with bowl mouth impressions; d stem seam trimmings and dottle.

Figure 46 Pipe clay lamp from Southwark Street.

Figure 47 Miscellany: a & b wicket slabs; c damper plate; d plugs.

Figure 48 Miscellany: tipping muffle from Bristol, a & b Temple Way; c & d Mead Street.

Figure 49 Waste: Stem, slag and thin sheet laminates in pictures.

Figure 50 Two kilns at Arcadia Buildings, Southwark.

Figure 51 Kiln at Oyster Street, Portsmouth.

Figure 52 Kiln at Rosemary Alley, Guildford.

Figure 53 Kiln at Holywell Hill, St. Albans.

Figure 54 Kiln at Olaf Street, Waterford.

Figure 55 Kiln at Arundel Square, Waterford.

Figure 56 Kiln at High Street, Brentford.

Figure 57 Kiln at Northgate, Canterbury.

Figure 58 Kiln 1 at Hurst Court, Manchester.

Figure 59 Kiln 2 at Hurst Court, Manchester.

Figure 60 Kiln at Rosegarth Street, Boston.

Figure 61 Kiln at Pipe Passage, Lewes.

Figure 62 Plan of Hamilton's Kiln, Carlisle.

Figure 63 Kiln at Broad Street, Limerick.

Figure 64 Block Plan of Kiln from Cottage Street, Leeds.

Figure 65 Block Plan of Christie's Kiln, Leith.

Figure 66 Block Plan of Southorn's Kiln, Broseley.

Figure 67 Block plan of Pardoe's kiln at Nantgarw.

Figure 68 Surviving kiln: Pipe Passage Lewes. Taken in 1962 when the kiln was excavated by Norris.

Figure 69 Surviving kiln: Pipe Passage Lewes filled with garden rubbish. Taken in 1990.

Figure 70 Sections through surviving kiln; Broseley.

Figure 71 Surviving kiln: Broseley. Taken circa 1950 by A Oswald.

Figure 72 Billhead showing kilns at Southorn's Legg's Hill Works.

Figure 73 Plans submitted in 1873 for Longstaff's new factory at Elm Street, Stamford.

Figure 74 Plans submitted in 1880 for Daft's new factory at Burton Street, Nottingham.

Figure 75 Plans submitted in 1879 by William Tennant of Newcastle for a proposed new factory at Back Pitt Street.

Figure 76 Alternative plan for Tennant's proposed new factory at Back Pitt Street, shown in the previous figure.

Figure 77 A kiln at the Leith factory of William Christie, established 1900 closed 1962.

Figure 78 Kilns at a Winstanley's and b Pasture Lane Bridge, Rainford.

Figure 79 Two views of Hill Top pipe works Rainford

Figure 80 a - Hill Top, Rainford; b - Fordham's Pontefract factory.

Figure 81 Details of Fordham's Pontefract kiln

Figure 82 Samson Strong's Cottage Street pipe factory, Leeds.

Figure 83 Samson Strong's Kiln removed to Kirkstall (Drawing by Peter Brears).

Figure 84 Hamilton's Belfast kiln taken 1914.

Figure 85 Belfast kiln of M'Creedy from Belfast Telegraph November 9th 1933.

Figure 86 Two views of Pardoe's Nantgarw pipe and pottery works.

Figure 87 Two prints showing a Late 18th Century kiln-shed at Canterbury (Far right) <-- See plan page 214 -->

Figure 88 Section of tobacco pipe kiln from Rees's Cyclopaedia.

Figure 89 Kiln plans: Top from Rees, Bottom from Good.

Figure 90 Section of tobacco pipe kiln from Good's Pantologia.

Figure 91 Tobacco pipe kiln from Noyce 1859. <-- Not t -->

Figure 92 Tobacco pipe kiln from Duhamel du Monceau 1771.

Figure 93 Bottomless saggars from Pollock's Manchester works.

Figure 94 Sectional diagram through a typical muffle showing locations in which furniture supplements might have been employed.

Figure 95 a - Rainford; b - Andenne

Figure 96 a - Weert; b - Chokier.

Figure 97 a - Suggested sectional reconstruction showing tipping muffle bridging the fire path with pipes placed for glaze melt. The dark line on inner and lower surface indicates glaze track from contact and drips.
b - Sketch reconstruction showing how a bank of tipping muffles might have been set above a flue similar to those excavated at Boston.

Figure 98 Boston kiln room with possible tipping furnace to the left of the kiln from Wells 1970, Figure 1.

Figure 99 Sketches by Cipriano Piccolpasso of the small kiln.

Figure 100 Watkinson Journal. Facsimile of part of the original manuscript

Figure 101a Watkinson Sketch. "Clay soaking trough and block"

Figure 101b Watkinson Sketch. "Rolling stems, wiring, moulding"

Figure 102a Watkinson Sketch. "Trimming, drying"

Figure 102b Watkinson Sketch. "Kiln, tipping"

Figure 103 Watkinson sketch "TOLL BAR and Old Pipe Cart"

Figure 104 Facsimile of C P Robinson's account c. 1884-9.

Figure 105 Facsimile of C P Robinson's account c. 1884-9.

Between Figure 106 and Figure 130 there are no illustrations. Rather than differ from the BAR Report, the captions have been included here, but as not all the appendices are included in this version the figures have been omitted

Figure 106 a - City lease plan dated 1826 showing the trench location within the bounds of the Duke Inn; b - location within the street grid; c - location in the country.

Figure 107 Plan and sections of kiln waste deposit.

Figure 108 Gloucester Quay Street, tobacco pipes, heeled forms.

Figure 109 Gloucester Quay Street, tobacco pipes, 9 with heel, 10-15 with spur, 16-18 from other production centres.

Figure 110 Gloucester Quay Street, tobacco pipes with milled decoration on the stem.

Figure 111 Gloucester Quay Street, tobacco pipes with milled decoration on the stem.

Figure 112 Gloucester Quay Street, tobacco pipes and stem fragments with milled decoration.

Figure 113 Gloucester Quay Street, tobacco pipes and stems.

Figure 114 Gloucester Quay Street, tobacco pipes.

Figure 115 Gloucester Quay Street, tobacco pipes.

Figure 116 Gloucester Quay Street, structural fragments.

Figure 117 Gloucester Quay Street, h-j structural fragments; k - diagram illustrating the tube muffle principle.

Figure 118 Olaf Street, Waterford, E434 Area III plan No 2 Pre-excavation plan of clay pipe kiln.

Figure 119 Suggested use of saggar rings within the muffle.

Figure 120 Chelmsford, Moulsham Street, tobacco pipes.

Figure 121 Chelmsford, Moulsham Street, muffle details: h muffle prop buttress, i muffle rim, k muffle base edge.

Figure 122 Chelmsford, Moulsham Street, Type 1 prop.

Figure 123 A location of Pipe Aston; B position of excavation; C trench layout.

Figure 124 Pipe Aston, tobacco pipes.

Figure 125 Pipe Aston, tobacco pipes.

Figure 126 Pipe Aston, tobacco pipes.

Figure 127 Model based on the evidence from Arcadia Buildings, Southwark.

Figure 128 a - Life size model of the Bristol tipping muffle; b - muffle base model using the Gloucester, Quay Street evidence; c - model showing how the Gloucester muffle might have looked with walls and sparsely spaced buttressing; d & e reconstruc tion of the Chelmsford, Moulsham Street prop; d & f prop and bun based on Stamford examples.

Figure 129 Ground plan of the Breda kiln after Carmiggelt et al.

Figure 130 Photograph of the Breda kiln taken from above the stoking pit with the brick trough at the farther end of the flue ash pit.

Figure 131 ATH1 Rolled thin sheets.

Figure 132 ATH1 Thin sheets.

Figure 133 AY1 RK4.

Figure 134 BA1 SAG1 with pipes trapped in glaze.

Figure 135 BA1 SAG1 with pipes trapped in glaze.

Figure 136 BA1 SAG1 with pipes trapped in glaze.

Figure 137 BA1 SAG1 with pipes trapped in glaze.

Figure 138 BA2 TS4.

Figure 139 BA2 WA5.

Figure 140 BE1 Inside of muffle base.